How does the training process of GANs work?

The training process of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) involves a unique framework where two neural networks, the Generator and the Discriminator, engage in a competitive game. In this setup, both networks are trained simultaneously, leading to a process known as a zero-sum game. This means that the improvement of one network results in a corresponding disadvantage for the other.

The Generator's role is to create realistic data samples, while the Discriminator evaluates these samples against actual data, distinguishing between real and generated data. During training, the Generator aims to improve its ability to produce data that the Discriminator perceives as real, whereas the Discriminator seeks to enhance its capability to accurately identify the generated samples. This dynamic creates a feedback loop: as the Discriminator gets better at identifying fakes, the Generator must adapt and improve its output to fool the Discriminator.

Through this simultaneous training approach, both networks progressively refine their functions. The ultimate goal is for the Generator to produce data that is indistinguishable from real data, as judged by the Discriminator. This competitive nature is what enables GANs to generate high-quality outputs and is a fundamental aspect of their training methodology.